Wheat Target Induced Local Lesions In Genome (TILLING) project based on the tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. Kronos.
This project entailed targeted re-sequencing of the protein coding regions of mutagenized individuals from the tetraploid wheat variety Kronos. In each wheat line, we have identified mutations in protein-coding regions and promoters, and predicted their effect on protein function.
Krasileva et al 2017 sequenced the protein coding regions of 2,735 mutant lines and developed a public database including more than 10 million mutations.
Zhang et al. 2023 sequenced 4.3 million induced mutations in the promoters (2Kb upstream of the start codon) and 4.7 million in the coding regions of most genes from Kronos.
The Kronos genomic sequences are available to all researchers under the Toronto license.
The first (fragmented) Kronos Genome assembly is available at:
https://opendata.earlham.ac.uk/opendata/data/Triticum_turgidum/EI/v1.1
The current Version 2 Kronos genome assembly (Seong et al. 2025) is available at: https://zenodo.org/records/10215402.
Seong et al. (2025) release includes re-analyses of exome-capture sequencing data for Kronos EMS mutants generated by Krasileva et al. (2017) and promoter-capture data generated by Zhang et al. (2023).
To identify tilling mutants, explore the IWGSC assembly on Ensembl Plants.
Convert Kronos gene IDs to Chinese Spring, then search for your gene of interest on Ensembl. TILLING mutants can be accessed using either the ‘variant table’ or ‘variant image’ links on the left-hand side of the page.
The variant image is useful for looking at the position of all available mutations in your gene of interest. Mutations are coloured according to their predicted effect on the gene model.
The variant table contains the same information but in table format. By default, the variant table will include details about variation in your gene of interest from multiple different sources, but you can display TILLING mutations only by selecting “EMS-induced mutation” in the source filter at the top of the table.
Select tilling mutants taking into consideration the type of mutation, zygosity, population and the availability of primers. More guidelines here.
- To request seeds, email the signed MTA form (download the form below) to [email protected] and [email protected]. Include the following informations: Name, email, full address, list of requested lines, instructions for sending the seeds.